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Date:29/08/2023
The principle of MPPT
Charge the battery, which I have to mention the DC Bess battery. It’s battery has an automatic temperature control system, which can keep the working environment of the battery at the best working temperature of 20-25 ℃, and the battery efficiency at this temperature is the highest, the quality is the most stable, and the number of cycles is really more than 6000 times. The battery also has a heating system, which can heat the battery when the temperature is below 10 ℃ to maintain the temperature between 20 and 25 ℃ to greatly extend the battery life.
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The output voltage of the solar panel must be higher than the current voltage of the battery, and if the voltage of the solar panel is lower than the voltage of the battery, the output current will be close to 0. Therefore, for the sake of safety, when the solar panel is manufactured, the peak voltage (Vpp) of the solar panel is about 17V, which is set by the standard when the ambient temperature is 25°C. When the weather is very hot, the peak voltage Vpp of solar panels will drop to about 15V, but in cold weather, the peak voltage Vpp of solar energy can reach 18V.
The functions of MPPT
The main function of MPPT controller is to detect the DC voltage and output current of the main loop, calculate the output power of the solar array, and realize the tracking of the maximum power point. The disturbance resistance R and the MOSFET are connected together in series, and under the condition that the output voltage is basically stable, the average current through the resistance is changed by changing the duty cycle of the MOSFET, so the current disturbance is generated. At the same time, the output current and voltage of photovoltaic cells will also change accordingly, by measuring the changes in the output power and voltage of photovoltaic cells before and after the disturbance, to determine the direction of the disturbance in the next cycle, when the disturbance direction is correct, the output power of solar panels increases, and the next cycle continues to disturb in the same direction, and vice versa. Repeated perturbations and observations are carried out to make the solar panel output reach the maximum power point.
The methods of MPPT
The traditional MPPT method is divided into open loop and closed loop MPPT method according to different judgment methods and criteria. In fact, the influence of external temperature, light and load changes on the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells shows some basic laws, such as the maximum power point voltage of photovoltaic cells and the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic cells there is an approximate linear relationship, based on these laws, some open loop MPPT control methods can be proposed, such as constant voltage tracking method. Short-circuit current proportional coefficient method and interpolation calculation method, etc.
The closed-loop MPPT method realizes MPPT through real-time measurement and closed-loop control of the output voltage and current value of photovoltaic cells, and the most widely used self-optimizing algorithms belong to this class. Perturbation and Observation Method (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) are typical self-optimizing MPPT algorithms.
